Bread is the staff of life. Since childhood, we have heard "rumors" about nutrition, such as "eating walnuts to nourish the brain" and "nutrition is in the soup". The reporter interviewed Ma Tenghui, deputy chief physician of the Department of Nutrition and Microecology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Zhang Lina, the attending physician, to identify the "gold content" of these rumors.
Nutrition is in the soup? wrong
Ma Tenghui: The soup in which the soup is made is mainly water and a small amount of water-soluble amino acids, etc. The nutritional density is very low, so it is best to eat the soup together with meat and side dishes. People who are malnourished or need supplements should try to choose foods with high nutritional density.
Is it more nutritious to boil fish soup until it turns white? wrong
Zhang Lina: The whiter the fish soup, the more nutritious it is. The white substance is actually fat, which will turn white after emulsification. The more thoroughly the oil is mixed with water, the whiter it will become. People with hyperlipidemia, hypertension and high uric acid are advised to drink less of this soup.
Eating walnuts will replenish the brain? right
Zhang Lina: Walnut belongs to nut food and is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as fatty acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Phospholipids in walnuts have a good health care effect on brain nerves. Walnut oil contains unsaturated fatty acids and has the effect of preventing and treating arteriosclerosis. It is a healthy food suitable for people of all ages.
Skim milk is healthier than whole milk? wrong
Ma Tenghui: Skim milk powder is made by removing fat from fresh milk and then drying. The fat content can be reduced to about 1%, which is very small compared with full-fat milk powder, which is more suitable for obesity, hyperlipidemia and people who are not suitable for fat intake.
But the problem is: with less fat, fat-soluble vitamins dissolved in fat, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and vitamin K, will also be lost. Fat itself also has a certain nutritional value, which can provide people with energy and essential fatty acids. After removing fat, the proportion of carbohydrates that are not friendly to human health will also increase. Therefore, from the nutritional point of view, the whole milk powder has more comprehensive nutritional components, is suitable for more people, and tastes better.
Half-baked eggs are more nutritious? wrong
Zhang Lina: Half-cooked eggs are hard to digest and waste nutrients. The human body mainly relies on pepsin and trypsin in the small intestine to digest protein in eggs, while there are antitrypsin and avidin in the egg white of half-baked eggs, which will hinder the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as protein. Cooked eggs are inactivated by high temperature, which makes protein better digested and absorbed.
In addition, about 10% of fresh eggs contain pathogenic salmonella, mold or parasite eggs. If the eggs are not fresh, the carrier rate is higher.
Is it better to eat health care products to supplement nutrition? wrong
Zhang Lina: A reasonable diet for ordinary people can completely meet the nutritional needs of our bodies. Health care products generally focus on one aspect of strengthening, such as calcium, vitamins or protein, and the nutrition is not comprehensive enough. Long-term overdose of some health care products may also lead to poisoning.
However, for patients, especially those with incomplete gastrointestinal tract, low food intake and liquid diet, enteral nutrition powder/liquid can be selected. At this time, the enteral nutrition powder/liquid is used as food to provide high-density nutrition, not health care products.
Can you lose weight without eating staple food? wrong
Zhang Lina: Staple food is the main source of carbohydrates. If you don’t eat staple food at all or rarely, your brain will not get enough blood sugar supply, which will affect your memory and learning ability, and you will be easily tired and listless.
If people don’t eat staple food, they often use other foods instead, which will bring new risks and unnecessary burdens to their health. If other foods are eaten very little, hunger is unbearable, and the body and mind are not satisfied, it is especially easy to persist and overeat, so that all efforts before losing weight will be wasted.
Can eating red dates "replenish blood"? right
Ma Tenghui: Chinese medicine believes that jujube can "replenish qi and nourish blood". Modern medicine also confirms that jujube is rich in iron, which is one of the essential elements for hemoglobin synthesis. Jujube is also rich in vitamin C, which can promote the absorption of iron in the body and help improve the symptoms of anemia. It is beneficial for patients with iron deficiency anemia to eat red dates frequently.
However, if it is acute blood loss and severe anemia, you should seek medical attention immediately and quickly correct anemia through blood transfusion, drug treatment, iron supplementation and even surgical hemostasis.