Cctv newsAccording to the data of the Ministry of Finance, in 2020, the national lottery sales totaled 333.951 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 88.103 billion yuan or 20.9%. Among them, the sales of welfare lottery institutions was 144.488 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 46.750 billion yuan; The sales of sports lottery institutions reached 189.463 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 41.352 billion yuan.
The rise of the New Culture Movement in 1915 gave birth to many well-known literary revolutionaries, such as Lu Xun, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong and Hu Shi. They were born in the historical period of alternating times and made many achievements for the establishment of our country’s ideological culture.
But one of them, also a professor at Peking University, was scolded for inventing a Chinese character for three years, during which he didn’t even dare to go out on the street openly.This professor is called Liu Bannong.
Liu Bannong was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, in 1891, into a farming family for generations. Since childhood, he has learned and been exposed to the "primary school" knowledge learned by traditional China literati. This "primary school"refers toThe phonology, writing and exegesis of ancient Chinese philology today..
Statue of Liu Bannong
Although Liu Bannong is naughty, he often has some fantastic ideas and delves into crooked ways, but he is an out-and-out "scholar". At the age of six, he was able to combine poems with others. At the age of 20, he was hired by his alma mater to teach and compiled Jiangyin Magazine.
After the Revolution of 1911, western thoughts and cultures poured into the conservative land of China, and Liu Bannong was deeply impressed by the surging tide.After two years of self-study in foreign languages, I got the position of compiling foreign works in Zhonghua Book Company. More than 40 foreign novels translated by him were published in the famous publications of the time, Fiction Circle and Current Affairs News.
Liu Bannong’s translation works are not limited to English, but also the works of Tolstoy and Turgenev in Russia, so he became a famous translator.In 1917, Liu Bannong, who followed the trend of the New Culture Movement, published an article "My View of Literature Improvement" in New Youth, and was hired as a Chinese professor in the preparatory course by Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University..
At that time, all of them were professors of literature, history and philosophy at Peking University, such as Xu Beihong, Liang Shuming, Hu Shi and Liu Wendian. Although they are all in their early twenties, they all graduated from famous universities at home and abroad, and only Liu Bannong is a young man who has only attended high school.
Liu Bannong
Liu Bannong’s academic attainments are not limited by academic qualifications. His literary and linguistic innovations under the banner of the New Culture Movement not only shocked the cultural circles at that time, but we are still enjoying his cultural achievements a hundred years later.
In the TV series The Awakeing Age, students from Peking University directed and performed a drama.Wang Jingxuan, an old pedant and an old fogey played by Liu Mei, is the protagonist, and other students are hiding behind the curtain and dubbing with ventriloquism, criticizing Wang Jingxuan’s feudal and traditional thoughts.
The name of this play is called.Letter of reply to Wang Jingxuan, it is for Liu Bannong and Qian Xuantong and others in the "new youth" in the form of articles, you come and go to the stage performance of the public opinion war.
Qian Xuantong fictionalized the identity of "Wang Jingxuan", criticized the various crimes of the "New Culture Movement" in "New Youth", and branded the people who promoted new culture and new ideas with a hat of forgetting their ancestors, just like the stubborn position of a group of old scholars.
Fu Wang Jing Xuan Shu
butLiu Bannong, on the other hand, made an ancient "hype" with Qian Xuantong based on New Youth, and wrote a book "Reply to Wang Jingxuan" to refute all the critical contents of "Wang Jingxuan" one by one, attracting the attention and discussion of readers and public opinion.
Because of the ample arguments and sharp writing, the effect of the play is surprisingly good, and it also attracts more scholars and students to participate in the new culture movement, transform old ideas and give up old dross.
During the ten years of subversion in the Qing Dynasty, especially since the founding of New Youth in 1915, the degree of openness and enterprising spirit of Chinese people have never been higher. Improvement and innovation were the themes of the times, and those who supported the New Culture Movement were all concentrating on exploring how to draw a clear line between social reality and the decadent face of the past.
With the rise of vernacular Chinese and the introduction of foreign literary works, there are a large number of third persons in popular language expressions, and it is difficult to clearly distinguish the differences and specific directions in the text by using only one word "he".
Liu Bannong, as an accomplished person in language and literature, deeply felt the differences and abuses in the translation of different personal pronouns in Chinese and foreign literary works.The third person pronouns in English can be divided into "he", "she" and "it", which refer to male, female and gender-neutral objects in person respectively.
However, in the consistent usage of Chinese, only one word "he" refers to all the third persons, and there is no pronoun difference between men and women and things.If you want to distinguish it, you should add a note after the word "he". For example, when referring to a woman in the third person, that is, "he (female)" is used, and when referring to asexual objects or animals, "he (object)" is used as a distinction.
Translation of foreign literary works is long and complicated, and it is necessary to distinguish the gender and attributes referred to by "he", which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and workload, and does not conform to the theme of "vernacular, simplicity" advocated by them.
thereforeIn his early literary works, Lu Xun borrowed the word "Yi" from "Yi people" to refer to women, but it was not widely used and was not accepted by the whole people.
Lu Xun
In 1917, Liu Bannong first put forward the structure of the word "she", which was an accurate translation of "she" in English and distinguished it from "he". Lu Xun’s younger brother, Zhou Zuoren, agreed with this very much. He mentioned in the New Youth published on August 5, 1918: "China’s third person pronoun has no sexual distinction, which is very inconvenient. Semi-peasants created the word’ she’ and’ he’ for both purposes.. "
According to Liu Bannong’s understanding,Women’s third-person pronouns should have their own names as in foreign languages, which is not only convenient to use, but also more aesthetic. And with the opening of thought and the promotion of women’s status, the translation of "he (female)" is still used, as if women were still regarded as accessories of men, full of the flavor of the old society..
The word "she" was first popularized in the classrooms of Peking University and newspaper articles published by Liu Bannong, and many people accepted it, which also made a group of conservative people see Liu Bannong’s innovation, thinking that it was a rebellion against traditional customs and culture and should be refuted and suppressed.
Liu Bannong
Shanghai’s "Newcomer" magazine also published an ice-cold article.This is Liu Bannong’s fault.The article holds that there is no gender difference between "I" and "Ru" in ancient Chinese, and "He" and "She" are not as different in pronunciation in Chinese as in English, which is an act of gilding the lily.
All kinds of remarks emerged in an endless stream. The old and new forces United to express their opposition to Liu Bannong’s word-making, and scholars used the biggest public opinion at that time-newspapers and editorials to attack Liu Bannong. Especially some people who have no insight but are easily provoked, so that except for a few women with independent thoughts, all the women in China who are bound by conservative thoughts are scolding Liu Bannong. However, it is not clear how many of them sincerely oppose it and how many fish in troubled waters stir up trouble.
she
In short, within three years after her invention, Liu Bannong suffered a comprehensive blow from public opinion, which triggered another round of war of words between old and new literature.As far as Liu Bannong himself is concerned, as soon as he goes out, it is easy to encounter newspaper interviews and students’ attacks, which makes him afraid to go out on the street openly for three years for fear of being caught and scolded.
Therefore, Liu Bannong specially wrote an article "The Question of" She "during her study abroad and sent it back to China for publication, explaining her original intention of creating the word" She ".In order to express the meaning more clearly, it is also to distinguish the personal names of women and men.. After the article, Liu Bannong also proposed to recreate a representative of the word "it".
In 1925, Liu Bannong completed the French version of "Experimental Record of Chinese Phonetic Characters" and won the "Constanyine Linguistics Award", which was the first linguist in China to win this international award. At the same time, Liu Bannong successfully graduated from experimental phonetics in France, and obtained a doctorate in French national literature. He is still the first person from China to be awarded the highest academic title by the state.
Liu Bannong phonetic experiment photo
On the way home, Liu Bannong thought of his wife sacrificing herself to take care of the family on the ship, and always supported her studies and career without regrets, and wrote a vernacular new poem with the word "she" emotionally.Teach me how not to think about her：
There are some clouds floating in the sky and some breezes blowing on the ground.
Ah! The breeze blew my hair and taught me how to miss her.
Moonlight is in love with the ocean, and the ocean is in love with moonlight.Ah! How can I miss her on such a honey-like silver night?
Flowers fall on the surface of the water and flow slowly, while fish swim slowly at the bottom.Ah! Swallow, what did you say? Teach me how to miss her.
Dead trees are shaking in the cold wind. Wildfire burned in the twilight.Ah! There are still some afterglow in the Western Heaven. Teach me how to miss her.
A month later, he returned to teach at Peking University and became the founder of experimental phonetics in China.Liu Bannong’s achievements soon made him famous in China, and this poem used to praise his wife was also arranged into a song, which spread all over the country with the word "she". Some die-hard conservatives insist on resisting the word "she", which has been unable to stop her from moving forward.
At this time, people generally accepted the existence of the word "she", and history also accepted Liu Bannong’s choice. In 1932, the Ministry of Education included the word "she" in the common words, which set the tone for this debate from the official level, and also had the distinction of "he", "she" and "it" that we have become accustomed to.
Lu Xun also expressed negative views on Liu Bannong’s pioneering work of creating characters.However, in the later "Recalling Liu Bannong", he obviously had a deep understanding of Liu Bannong’s original "rebellious" behavior: "Just advocating new punctuation, there will be a large group of people who are "bereaved" and eager to "eat meat and sleep", so it is indeed a "big battle"."
Later, someone created the word "you" to distinguish it from "you" on the basis of Liu Bannong, which was all the rage for a while, but it was not accepted by the public in the end and became a short-lived second person pronoun in that era.
Liu Bannong
In fact, the word "she" was not created by Liu Bannong, which is ancient Chinese.Ji Yun Shang Sheng Ma YunIn the middle ""She" and "Sister Min" are tied., allPronounced as "jiě", refers to the meaning of "elder sister". Liu Bannong didn’t notice this uncommon word or intentionally used it as another meaning of modern Chinese. People have long been accustomed to the word "she".
When people are in different historical stages and development stages, they will make different behaviors or actions because of the ideological environment at that time, but put it in the long river of the whole history or the development of human culture, the temporary resistance of human beings is just dust, which is invisible in front of the grand narrative.
The same is true of the reform of Chinese characters. The curse that once kept Liu Bannong from going to the streets for three years has long since disappeared, but the wealth of Chinese characters, language, punctuation, phonetic symbols and so on that he left to the people of China in just 44 years’ life will last forever.
With the advent of the summer file, major games have launched their own new activities, which has also ushered in a hot game market. Many PC-side games, new or old, attracted a large number of players by virtue of summer activities, and even broke their own highest online record. Today, let’s take a look at the PC games that have skyrocketed in popularity in the summer file.
Crossing the line of fire
Domestic players are absolutely familiar with Crossing the Line of Fire. This summer’s file coincides with the 15th anniversary of Crossing the Line of Fire. On this day worthy of celebration, the official of Crossing the Line of Fire has also given the majority of players a hard work, that is, giving away the first heroic weapon "Fire Kirin" of Crossing the Line of Fire for free.
Players can keep this "AK47- Fire Kirin" forever by completing at least one game every month for 6 months.
At the end of 2012, the first heroic weapon "Fire Kirin" of Crossing the Line of Fire was born. This weapon was full of controversy from the beginning of its birth. Some people think that this weapon destroyed the balance of the game, while others think that it made Crossing the Line of Fire clear the payment mode and reached its peak. In any case, in the whole history of domestic games, "Fire Kirin" will undoubtedly occupy its own position.
The launch of the activity "AK47- Fire Kirin" in Bai Piao undoubtedly ignited the enthusiasm of the players. On the day of the activity, the room lines in the game were all red and full.
According to the real-time monitoring data of third-party websites, the number of online users reached 4.179 million in the early morning of the activity, once again breaking their own record. It is reported that the last time the number of simultaneous online users of Crossfire reached 4 million was on August 26th, 2012, eleven years ago.
Forever robbery
If you want to select the more successful domestic games in recent years, then "Never Robbed" is definitely on the list. As a domestic martial arts chicken-eating game, with a beautiful picture and a refreshing fighting feel, Never Robbed, after the launch of Steam, has been welcomed by many players.
On-line last week, the basic version of "Never Robbed" and the deluxe version entered the top five of the Steam weekly sales list, and the basic version won the first place in the Steam weekly sales list.
However, it is estimated that many people did not expect that this domestic buyout game was announced to be a free game on July 14 at the press conference of the 2nd anniversary of Never Robbed. According to the Basic Law, a buyout game will be vomited or even resisted by players after it is declared free. Surprisingly, however, the official released another surprising data the next day, and the single-day sales of the game reached 1 million.
The reason why it can continue to sell after it is declared free is the official conscience of "Never Robbed" about the feedback to the old players after the transfer, which makes people feel really fragrant and can’t be refused. For the old players who buy the game, the official will give feedback on Ninghong Night’s best fashion (as shown in the poster), out-of-print commemorative avatar and 10 treasure chest optional gifts.
In addition to props feedback, the player will also give back the equivalent gold nuggets according to the version purchased by the player, that is to say, the money for buying the game is equivalent to directly recharging into the game, and you can also get props worth more than 300 pieces, so the old players can directly make money.
In addition to selling explosions, the number of players online at the same time soared after the game was free. According to the statistics of the SteamDB website, the number of simultaneous online users of the game’s Steam platform exceeded 260,000, breaking the record of 186,000 set in 2021. Not only that, considering that there are other versions, the actual number of players will only increase even more.
Black desert
Players who pay attention to online games and like action games will certainly be familiar with the action online game Black Desert made by Korean developer PearlAbyss.
The game is based on the medieval wars in Europe, and mainly describes the entanglements caused by the ancient product "Blackstone". Players become independent fighters and use the power of Blackstone to fight against the Republic of Kalpayne and the Kingdom of Valenciva, which hold corrupt power. The game is characterized by emphasizing the refreshing and heavy sense of fighting and the free and rich open world gameplay.
The game is developed by an independent engine, but it will never lose to any first-class engine game in terms of picture quality, light shadow, surface vegetation, physical characteristics and other details. The game uses seamless map technology, and the scene is visible. The game has a real weather system, morning glow, sunset glow, rainbow and other natural landscapes.
In the summer file, Black Desert also launched its own new information "The Country of Dawn". According to the analysis of foreign media, the number of new players in Black Desert increased by 267% and the number of returning players increased by 335% last month. Developer Pearl Abyss took this opportunity to boast about the visual effects of the game.
It is reported that the inspiration of "The Country of Dawn" comes from the scenery and culture of South Korea, so it is not surprising that Pearl Abyss’s excellent employees go all out to describe the beauty of their motherland.
Legion fortress 2
Old players are no strangers to Legion Fortress 2. After all, it is definitely an old game of grandparents’ generation, which has been in operation for 16 years this year. So a look at the old game, in this summer, not to be outdone, ushered in a new wave of outbreaks. A new simultaneous online player record was set on the Steam platform, reaching 258,997.
According to the statistics of SteamDB website, on July 13th, the number of online players reached 2,589.97 million, which set a new record in December last year. At that time, the number of online players reached 167,591. As for the reason for the soaring popularity, it is probably related to the brand-new "Legion Fortress 2" summer activity launched by Valve Company, which added many new maps, new actions, new special effects and new ornaments to the game.
Interestingly, however, this update is not officially produced by Valve, and most of the content is made by players. As a game with a "long history", "Legion Fortress 2" has basically been shelved by V Society in the first two years and is in a stocking state.
However, the game has a huge group of players, and in the face of players’ petitions, it finally attracted the attention of V Club. Since last year, officials have been more concerned about the operation of the game. At the beginning of this year, V Society officially announced that it would make a big update in May this year, but the content of the announcement was quite special. V Society hoped: "The author of the creative workshop will output the content quickly and submit the content to the Steam creative workshop before May 1."
Because the project "Legion Fortress 2" is too long, V Club can’t allocate manpower to make a long-term update. So we can only pin our hopes on the players themselves. Fortunately, the two sides cooperated well in this wave of update work, and finally all players can enjoy the new game content.
Ark of destiny
As we all know, for some reasons, basically no Korean games have been able to enter China in recent years. When several Korean games appeared in the edition number in December last year, it was really eye-catching, and the most eye-catching one was Ark of Destiny. Now, after months of waiting, this game, which many players have been looking forward to for several years, was finally officially opened on July 20.
The Ark of Destiny is a MMORPG set in medieval Europe, which describes a peaceful fantasy world suddenly invaded by demons, and players embark on an adventure journey in order to find the Ark scattered around the world.
In the game, players can freely cultivate a variety of professions, and each profession has different combat systems and skills, so that players can experience different fun. Players can not only be exposed to the growth of characters, diverse costumes, props enhancement and other content, but also experience the magnificent world outlook, moving stories and skills with a sense of shock.
The game was originally opened on July 13th to make an appointment for players to enter in advance, and the sudden influx of a large number of players overwhelmed the server for maintenance. After that, many servers entered the queue state, and the queue time was as long as one hour when the players were the most.
At present, the game has been fully opened, and many new servers have been added. Interested players can try it.
Fearless contract
After several years of waiting, the shooting game "Fearless Contract", which has been popular abroad, was finally officially launched on July 12.
"Fearless Contract" is a 5v5 tactical FPS game that emphasizes the character’s personality. The game is set on the future earth, and all characters will be collectively called "agents". Each "agent" has its special abilities and will play its greatest role in corresponding special situations.
The Fearless Contract has a variety of roles, exciting competitive modes and various tactical strategies, and has built a shocking competitive world. "The Fearless Contract" is not as different from the heroic design in "Watching the Pioneer". On the contrary, everyone has the same blood volume and shares the same set of weapons that can be purchased. They are exactly the same except for their skills.
The special skills of different characters not only skillfully enhance the tactics of the battle, but also improve the strategy of the team game, which makes people feel like playing a game that combines MOBA and FPS and pays attention to teamwork and strategic layout.
As a brand-new masterpiece of fist, the game has already achieved good results overseas. After the first anniversary of the game operation, the monthly active users broke through the 14 million mark, and the peak number of viewers of related e-sports events on Twitch reached 1 million.
The fearless contract, which has accumulated a huge popularity, has also exploded directly after the opening of the national service. The huge number of players even caused the game to crash twice in a row after opening the service, and had to be shut down for maintenance.
At 0:30 Beijing time on May 21st, in the 37th round of Premier League, Arsenal played Nottingham Forest away. Avonii scored the only goal in the game. In the end, Arsenal lost 0-1 to Nottingham Forest and suffered two consecutive league defeats.
After the battle, Arsenal was 4 points behind Manchester City, the leader. As the gunners had only the last round left, Manchester City had won the Premier League title ahead of schedule, while Arsenal locked in the second place.
In the 20th minute, Odegard made a return error, and the Nottingham Forest midfielder took the ball to fight back. Avonii answered the teammate’s direct plug and broke into the right side of the penalty area. The goalkeeper Ramsdale quickly attacked, Gabriel chased back and grabbed the ball first, but kicked it at the opponent’s feet. Awoniyi took advantage of the situation and scored low. Nottingham Forest led 1-0!
In the second half, Arsenal, whose possession rate exceeded 80%, still couldn’t open the situation. On the contrary, the home team’s attack was more threatening. Arteta, the head coach of Arsenal, dispatched troops to try to make a comeback, but to no avail, he finally lost away.
After the game, Arsenal manager arteta congratulated Manchester City on winning the fifth league title in nearly six seasons, and admitted that he was very sad now. "We need to heal, and now it is too painful and sad. I have to find a way to cheer up the players. "
Editor: Zhou Yang
Editor: Zhou Shangdou
Audit: Feng Fei
In order to train artificial intelligence models that can solve common problems, infrastructure is needed to provide support. These infrastructures are usually composed of hardware, software and tools to improve the efficiency and accuracy of model training. This article will introduce the infrastructure for training AI to solve common problems.
I. Hardware infrastructure
When training artificial intelligence models, it is usually necessary to use high-performance computing hardware to provide support. The following are several common hardware infrastructures:
CPU: The central processing unit (CPU) is a general-purpose computing hardware, which can be used to run various types of software, including artificial intelligence models. Although the performance of CPU is relatively low, it is still useful in training small models or debugging.
GPU: A graphics processor is a special computing hardware, which is usually used to process images and videos. Because of its highly parallel structure, GPU can provide higher computing performance than CPU when training artificial intelligence models, so it is widely used.
TPU: Tensor processor is a kind of hardware specially used for artificial intelligence computing, developed by Google. The performance of TPU is higher than that of GPU, and it is suitable for large-scale artificial intelligence model training and reasoning.
Second, the software infrastructure
In addition to hardware infrastructure, some software tools are needed to support the training of artificial intelligence model. The following are some common software infrastructures:
Operating system: Artificial intelligence models usually need to run on an operating system, such as Linux, Windows or macOS.
Development environment: Development environment usually includes programming language, editor and integrated development environment (IDE) for writing and testing artificial intelligence models. Common development environments include Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch and Jupyter Notebook.
Frames and libraries: Frames and libraries provide some common artificial intelligence model algorithms and data processing tools, making model development and training more convenient. Common frameworks and libraries include TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras and Scikit-Learn.
Third, the tool infrastructure
In addition to the hardware and software infrastructure, some tools are needed to support the training of artificial intelligence models. The following are several common tool infrastructures:
Dataset tool: Dataset tool is used to process and prepare training datasets, such as data cleaning, preprocessing, format conversion, etc. Common data set tools include Pandas, NumPy and SciPy.
2 Visualization tools: Visualization tools are used to visualize the training process and results to help users better understand the performance and behavior of the model. Common visualization tools include Matplotlib, Seaborn and Plotly.
Automatic parameter tuning tool: The automatic parameter tuning tool is used to optimize the parameters of the model to improve the performance and accuracy of the model. Common automatic parameter tuning tools include Optuna, Hyperopt and GridSearchCV.
In short, training artificial intelligence models to solve common problems requires the use of a variety of infrastructures, including hardware, software and tools. These infrastructures are designed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of model training, so that the model can better solve various practical problems. In practical application, users need to choose the appropriate infrastructure according to specific requirements and data characteristics, and design and implement it accordingly.