The grass grows and the warbler flies, and the spring blooms. Spring is not only the most beautiful season, but also the golden period for traveling and vacationing, but we must pay attention to health and safety when going out, especially to guard against these three common infectious diseases.
measles
Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus, and the seasonal incidence peak of measles is from March to May every year. Because of the rapid spread of the virus, it is one of the most contagious infectious diseases, and it belongs to Class B infectious diseases legally reported in China.
Measles patients are the only source of infection, and the virus can spread through droplets or direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions of infected people, so people are generally susceptible. The main symptoms are fever, red maculopapular rash, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tears, photophobia, sore throat, general fatigue and other symptoms, and some cases are accompanied by serious complications such as pneumonia.
At present, the most effective preventive measure is measles vaccination. Similarly, taking Beijing as an example, school-age children can get three doses of measles vaccine free of charge. At the same time, in order to protect the health of migrant workers from other provinces and their children, Beijing also provides free measles vaccination for migrant workers from March to May every year, and provides free measles vaccination for their children under 6 years old.
In the high incidence season of measles, remind everyone to pay attention to 4 points.
First, strengthen self-protection, pay attention to wearing masks, and try to reduce to crowded public places with poor air circulation.
Second, if you have fever, rash, cough and other symptoms, go to the hospital as soon as possible and wear a mask when you see a doctor. If you are diagnosed with measles by the hospital, you should be treated and isolated according to the doctor’s advice. Don’t go to work or school with illness to prevent the virus from being transmitted to your family, classmates or colleagues.
The third is timely vaccination to protect children’s health. Parents must take their children to get measles vaccine according to the appointment time of vaccination clinic. If you find that your child has missed the vaccine, you should go to the vaccination clinic as soon as possible to replenish the vaccine.
Fourth, enterprises, businesses, service places and other units with more migrant workers should take the initiative to contact the vaccination clinics of community health service centers and actively organize employees to vaccinate against measles. When people go to shopping malls, cinemas, hospitals and other places with high mobility, they should also wear masks to do proper protection, especially when accompanying patients for medical treatment and infusion, and do a good job of protection to minimize the detention time in the hospital.
rubella
Rubella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus, which occurs frequently in spring and is generally susceptible to people. After being infected with the virus, symptoms such as fever and cough appear in the early stage, and then light red spots and papules appear on the face first, which quickly spread all over the body.
Children’s illness is usually mild, and pregnant women suffering from rubella may lead to fetal death or congenital defects such as congenital heart disease, cataract and deafness, which is called congenital rubella syndrome.
It is understood that the vaccine containing rubella has been included in the immunization program in Beijing, that is, one dose of measles-mumps-rubella combined attenuated live vaccine is given to children aged 8 months, 18 months and 6 years respectively. With the increase of vaccination rate of children, adults, especially women of childbearing age, have gradually become the main body of rubella cases.
At present, Beijing has entered a period of high incidence of rubella. In order to avoid virus infection, we should remind everyone that school-age children who have not been vaccinated according to the procedures should go to the local vaccination clinic as soon as possible. Adults with unknown vaccination history are also advised to vaccinate with a dose of rubella. For children and adults who have not been vaccinated, they should go to public places where people gather as little as possible, and pregnant women should avoid contact with rubella patients.
In addition, it is also necessary to open the window indoors often for ventilation. If there are symptoms of fever and rash, you should go to the hospital in time. After being diagnosed with rubella, you should avoid contact with people around you.
chickenpox
Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus, which is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and direct contact with varicella-zoster liquid, and can also be transmitted by virus-contaminated appliances, such as toys, stationery, door handles, etc. Like other infectious diseases, chickenpox has an epidemic season. May to July and October to January are the peak periods of the disease.
The disease is highly contagious, and people are generally susceptible, but it is more common in children. In the epidemic season, after being infected with varicella virus, precursor symptoms such as fever, general malaise, fatigue and sore throat may appear in the early stage.
At the onset of chickenpox, the rash first appeared on the head and trunk, and gradually spread to the limbs. At first, it was a red macula, then it became a papule and developed into herpes. One or two days after herpes, herpes begins to dry and scab from the center, and the surrounding skin blush disappears, and then the scab skin falls off after a few days. Spotted papules, blisters and scabs often exist at the same place. If there are no complications, it can heal itself in about two weeks.
It is worth noting that patients with chickenpox are the main source of infection, and patients with mild symptoms are easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. For newborns or immunocompromised people, chickenpox may be a fatal disease. Because most herpes zoster occurs in people over 50 years old or with low immune function. Generally speaking, the symptoms of adults infected with the virus are generally heavier. Moreover, don’t think that once you have chickenpox, you will be safe for life. When your immunity declines, you can’t rule out the possibility of secondary infection, and the virus in your body may relapse and infect herpes zoster.
At present, vaccination with varicella vaccine is the most effective preventive measure. Taking Beijing as an example, it is recommended that school-age children be vaccinated with two doses of varicella vaccine according to procedures: the first dose at the age of 18 months and the second dose at the age of 4 years. Children over 4 years old who have only received one dose of vaccine in the past are advised to replant the second dose of vaccine.
In the season of high incidence of chickenpox, everyone should pay attention to the following four points:
First, when you find yourself or your child with fever, rash and other unwell symptoms, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for a definite diagnosis. Please wear a mask when you see a doctor. If you are diagnosed with chickenpox, you should be treated in isolation at home, and you should not go to work or school with illness to prevent others from being infected.
Second, the isolation period until all the chicken pox and herpes scabs or rashes subside, students need to go to the health care department of the hospital to issue a certificate of resumption of classes, and the school can only return to school after inspection.
Third, schools and kindergartens should pay close attention to the incidence of chickenpox in children, and report cases of chickenpox to the health department of the community health service center to which the unit belongs in time.
Four, the occurrence of varicella epidemic units, should actively cooperate with the disease control departments to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures to avoid the spread of the epidemic. (Source: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Daily, qianjiang evening news)
