分类： hanzhen

This time, LI had a topic because of the new car problem and the withdrawal of shareholders.

On December 13th, Sky Eye Information showed that after seven capital increases, Beijing Chehejia Information Technology Co., Ltd., the operating entity of LI, was lowered for the first time, and its registered capital was changed from 915 million yuan to 682 million yuan, a decrease of about 25%, and some investors withdrew.

Coincidentally, just after LI’s first new car, Li ONE, was delivered in December, users reported that there were many problems with the new car, including the failure alarm of the instrument panel emission system and the inability to speed up when stepping on the accelerator pedal.

For all kinds of problems after the delivery of new cars, LI CEO Li Xiang bluntly said in his personal official Weibo, "It is the greatest help for us to point out problems at the first time. In LI, finding and solving problems is the process of creating value, and concealing problems is suicide."

In an interview with the Beijing News reporter, some insiders admitted that they faced various problems at the stage of delivery. Although it had nothing to do with quality, it did leave a bad impression on users.

At the same time, the "small episode" of equity change has also made the outside world catch the wind. Some people think that capital changes and shareholders withdraw or prepare for IPO, but LI officials have not responded to this. If it is true, can LI still achieve Li Xiang’s goal of building a car under the circumstances of just delivering and facing problems and pursuing capital realization so quickly?

Rapid response to new car failure

On December 3rd, LI officials said that the first batch of new cars had been delivered, and at the same time, Li ONE with Baby Blue body color matching will begin to roll off the assembly line on December 13th.

The owners who got the first batch of new cars were not happy for too long, and the new cars had various failures. But the ideal response to the new car problem is also very fast.

On December 11th, after a user reported the alarm message of "emission system failure" on the instrument panel of the vehicle, on December 12th, LI immediately responded in its official Weibo that the cause of the instrument panel emission failure alarm was confirmed as "false alarm caused by the self-diagnosis mechanism of the three-way valve of the air conditioning system", and said that it would be solved in the subsequent software upgrade, and such problems would not affect the driving and safety of the vehicle. In addition, LI said that it also found that some vehicles will have false alarms such as parking system and body stability system, and will upgrade the software through OTA next week to solve the problem of false alarms.

On the morning of December 16th, a user drove into the expressway after picking up the car from the Hangzhou delivery center. After the adaptive cruise function was released during driving, the vehicle pedaling the accelerator pedal could not speed up. LI once again responded that the reason why the vehicle can’t speed up has been determined that the logistics mode of the vehicle was not completely released before it was delivered to the user, which is a missed inspection error.

In this regard, some netizens commented that it is normal for new cars to have bugs, but LI dares to face and solve problems, which is worthy of users’ expectation. However, many users said that this kind of problem appeared just after the new car was delivered, and it was difficult for people to treat it lightly. "This shows that it is still not solid. Security has always been the key to ideal advocacy, but it turned out to be a problem in the battlefield." Some users said.

There are many complaints about the delay in delivery.

According to the Beijing News reporter, it has been four years and five months since the establishment and delivery of LI, which is definitely one of the enterprises fighting on the long front among the new forces making cars.

Shortly before the delivery, LI also received complaints from users because of the delayed delivery. At the end of October, Ideal announced that it would postpone the delivery opening time of Li ONE, the first mass production model, from November this year to December, and directly deliver Li ONE 2020 models to the first batch of users.

In view of the reasons for the delayed delivery, LI said that the 2020 product has more upgraded parts. LI promised that the specific delivery time for each user would not exceed one month through the adjustment of the factory’s production capacity.

On October 21st, LI will update the estimated delivery time of the specific month according to the locking situation of the reserved users. If the license index expires, it will extend the license index for free.

Some car booking users said that many customers who have made small orders and locked orders have fully recognized the previous version of LI after several rounds of iteration, but this upgrade has also caused some customers’ uncertainty and wait-and-see mood. "The newly upgraded part may not necessarily add new users, but the cut place will definitely lose some existing customers." The user said.

It is difficult to rely on the new forces of building cars.

After several twists and turns in LI, the evaluation of the outside world has become mixed.

When the delivery was postponed before, Li Xiang had responded to LI’s "slow efficiency". "It is good for us, and we can see some mistakes made by many previous enterprises. We hope to effectively avoid these pits." Obviously, Li wants to have a clear understanding of what he and LI need and what to do.

Some insiders also said that for this industry, it is not a bad thing to spend more time to precipitate cars except that the tuyere is almost gone.

But after the delivery, LI will face more problems. The capital problem is the first thing to support the development of enterprises. The data shows that the operating income of LI in 2018 is about 170 million yuan, the net profit is about-719 million yuan, the total assets are about 4.732 billion yuan and the total liabilities are 830 million yuan. As of the first half of this year, LI’s operating income was about 5,277,600 yuan, net profit was about-629 million yuan, total assets were about 5,842 million yuan, and total liabilities were 931 million yuan.

However, the registered capital of Beijing Chehejia dropped sharply, and the shareholders of the company withdrew frequently. This makes people doubt the viability of LI’s capital. Some people think that LI’s capital change may pave the way for its overseas IPO. Earlier, it was reported that LI has started the listing of US stocks in 2020, and the IPO scale may be around 500 million US dollars.

A financial analyst said in an interview with the Beijing News that if the IPO in LI comes true, it will indeed bring more capital support to enterprises, but it will also bear the risks of company development and stock price fluctuation. Weilai is an example.

As its name suggests, LI is an ideal enterprise among the new forces of car making. However, it is not a good sign that users are questioning the products just after delivery. There have been rumors in the industry that there are not many new car-making forces that can survive in the cold winter of the auto market. Whoever can take the lead in IPO will survive. However, for companies that have just taken the first step of delivery, the ideal IPO pace may be a bit big.

Beijing News reporter Mo Wei Image source enterprise official website

Editor Zhang Bing proofreads Liu Jun.

On September 20th, the rumor that Hua Xizi’s "Public Relations Collective Resignation" and the letter of apology had nothing to do with the public relations department went on the hot search, which once emphasized that it was an authentic domestic product.

Jiupai Financial Reporter noticed that the product parameters of Huaxizi Balanced Liquid Foundation in Tmall flagship store showed that its manufacturer was Shanghai Dongse Daily Chemical Co., Ltd.. The product is similar in shape to the traditional snuff bottle, and the details page emphasizes its inheritance of "Oriental Rhyme".

According to the data, Shanghai Dongse Daily Chemical Co., Ltd. is 100% wholly-owned by Dongse Cosmetics Co., Ltd., and its chairman and legal representative are Ishihara Jinghong, and its director and general manager are Tamura Keiji, with a registered capital of 3.48 million US dollars. It was established in 1999. The national enterprise credit information publicity system also shows that Shanghai Dongse Daily Chemical Co., Ltd. is a limited liability company (wholly owned by a foreign legal person).

On September 20, Jiupai financial reporters called Shanghai Dongse Daily Chemical Co., Ltd., and the staff said that "Huaxizi Balanced Liquid Foundation is produced by us, and we are a Japanese-funded enterprise; But the factory is in China and the employees are all from China. "

In this regard, Huaxizi customer service responded to the Jiupai financial reporter: "At present, all the products of Huaxizi are manufactured in China, which have been put on record by the government and passed the strict testing of relevant departments."

It is reported that Dongse Group is a well-known Japanese cosmetics pigment related manufacturer, and its production scope covers functional raw materials, powder and liquid makeup, nail polish and skin care. Shanghai Dongse Daily Chemical Co., Ltd. is a cosmetics processing enterprise invested and established in China.

Previously reported

Recently, when Li Jiaqi introduced a Huaxizi eyebrow pencil in 79 yuan during a live broadcast, he saw a netizen leave a message saying that it was getting more and more expensive. He asked, "Where is it expensive? It’s been this price for so many years. Don’t talk nonsense with your eyes open. Domestic brands are difficult … where is it expensive? "

Later, Li Jiaqi said: "Sometimes I look for my own reasons. After so many years, my salary has not risen. Have you worked hard?"

It is this sentence that triggered a heated discussion among netizens.

On September 19th, more than a week after the live broadcast in Li Jiaqi, Weibo, the official of Huaxi Zi, issued an apology statement, saying that he was sorry that we were late. In the past week, the whole network paid great attention to it, and the relevant opinions were fully recorded and being revised according to the opinions of netizens. Some netizens think that Hua Xizi didn’t respond more to the Li Jiaqi incident, and half of the contents in the letter were promoting the brand.

The apology statement is as follows:

Thank you for your attention to Hua Xizi.

I sincerely apologize to all of you. In the past week, Huaxizi has received great attention from the whole network. We are scared and at a loss, and the brand has not spoken before. During this time, we constantly absorbed your criticisms, opinions and suggestions.

I’m very sorry for taking up too many public resources. Thank you for your encouragement. We have fully recorded the relevant opinions, and the team is comparing, revising and upgrading them one by one, adhering to the initial intention, bringing you better products and providing better services.

This large-scale attention and discussion is a valuable opportunity for us to listen to the real voices of different consumers, and it is also the starting point for the team to self-examine and start again. Thank you very much for your attention, whether you have used our products or have never known our partners.

Hua Xizi was founded in Hangzhou, and became attached to Xizi Lake, with Hua as the surname and Xizi as the name. R&D center, production plant, tax payment, etc. are all in China, and it is an out-and-out China brand. "Promoting the beauty of the East and casting a century-old national makeup" is Hua Xizi’s brand vision. Since the development of domestic products, it has been endless. As a young China makeup brand, Hua Xizi hopes to tell the story of China and inherit the beauty of the East.

Just a few words, can’t reply one by one.

In the future, we will continue to share with you what the brand is doing, so that everyone can understand Hua Xizi in more forms.

Down-to-earth, steady and far-reaching; Let a hundred flowers blossom and domestic products become stronger.

After Hua Xizi apologized, some media initiated a vote on "How to treat Hua Xizi’s apology", and 33,000 people participated in the voting before the press release. Among them, 11,000 netizens thought Hua Xizi didn’t respond to the price issue, 5,934 netizens thought it was too late, and nearly 5,648 netizens thought it was more like a brand advertisement.

Source | Observer Network Comprehensive @ Jiupai Finance, previously reported

Original title: "Huaxi Zidai Factory was exposed to Japanese capital? The factory admits: but … "

Read the original text

Entertainment variety shows are becoming less and less attractive.

Author | Mo Dye

# Want to see Song Dandan, Quiet and Summer Xu participate in the variety show together #.

After being baptized by the topic of "Docking Studies" for several days in a row, netizens finally put this topic on the hot search list in an atmosphere of suffocation, horse catching and excitement.The public has been really bored for a long time.

Last Friday, "Flowers and Teenagers" premiered in the camping season. With the help of the guest’s variety IP, it can only be questioned in a harmonious atmosphere that it has lost its "taste of flowers" and was labeled as "boring". The first high-level hot search unlocked by the previously hit "Yearning for Life 6" is also "boring".

Entertainment variety shows are becoming less and less attractive.There are almost no projects that can really be called "explosions" in the variety market that is about to go through half a year. The energy CP of "Half-cooked Lovers" is already in the Spring Festival; Cyndi Wang’s phenomenal turn to red in "Braving the Wind and Waves" failed to heat up the program.

The latest time to "tear" the boring net was "Fifty Kilometers of Peach Blossom House 2" which premiered last Sunday. # Eric Wang rejects Song Dandan’s proposal #, # Song Dandan makes people suffocate #, # Nine-minute text paraphrased in Peach Blossom House # and other topics have swept the hot search, among which the reading volume of the first topic has exceeded 680 million, and other topics have also exceeded 100 million.Embarrassed and suffocated, but the public is constantly in it, feeling a revitalized entertainment variety.

We don’t admire the topic of tearing the scene first, but we are more afraid of a boring entertainment variety. The boring cycle of entertainment variety shows is by no means a simple "topic effect" that can be summarized. Taking this as an opportunity, we also try to explore:When can I really talk about the variety show?

The dilemma of "four unlike": avoiding greed in variety shows

The reason why "dock science" can become a new topic that many people deconstruct enthusiastically is that the famous scenes it appears always revolve around one theme: socialization.

Under the explicit label of social cattle and social fear, it is actually difficult to answer the complicated proposition of socialization. "Peach Blossom House 2" simply presents a multi-person social collision in 9 minutes. Individuals and groups, qualifications and personality, generations and interpersonal relationships are all presented in this big dye vat. The feeling of suffocation is magnified to the extreme.

And this kind of intensity focus on a single theme is exactly what most variety shows lack. On social platforms such as Weibo, we have no choice but to find that almost no one can escape the question of the audience’s "four unlike" at present.

In more and more variety shows, what we can see is actually "compounding":Vertical themes want to penetrate the circle, want to have family fun, variety shows should have social issues, take care of reality, etc. When all these are applied to creation, the initial theme will inevitably begin to blur.

"You can’t eat a big fat man in one breath". Although objectively, the market has not yet spawned a new explosion in the post-Ming investigation era, Tencent Video and He Chen’s "Start Reasoning", which is fully overweight, are still highly anticipated by the market, but after the broadcast, the above high praise and short comments have appeared.

This may be related to the positioning of the program. Duo Xiaomeng, the producer of the program, revealed that the program takes into account the needs of reasoning users for reasoning content and the satisfaction of pan-entertainment users in the story. In short, it’s both reasoning and family fun. But it is also this "compatibility" that makes it difficult for both to be more extreme. However, after the first issue, the program is getting better and better, and the popularity of the whole network is rising.

In fact, the logic of the genre theme is to penetrate the circle first, and then to radiate a wider group. For example, this is street dance and China New Rap series. This has also been verified many times in the drama market. However, in the past two years, everyone seems to be eager to realize the circle through the superposition of elements, but the effect is not ideal.

In the camping variety show, the story of Xiao Bai’s growth is "not enough camping" for senior fans, and it is also "the life that the low-end version yearns for" for slow variety users. In order to expand the user base as much as possible, e-sports variety shows are increasingly integrated with multiple elements such as CP candy, draft, training, stars, etc., but they also face the problem that the positioning of the user base is vague and it is difficult to penetrate the circle. In the innovation path of talk show, group synthesis, industry and star amateur are in parallel, and they are still being explored.

The pan-entertaining reality show, in fact, is equally difficult to escape such problems.. Although there are voices calling Yan Min "cry foul" constantly, as of June 19th, the douban score of New Travel Notes dropped to 4.8 again. The condensed version of the real society he created has indeed integrated a large number of social issues, but it is also difficult to take into account the changes in content design and rules, and the lack of resonance of star deformation meters has also led to the program’s effect being less than expected.

The other side of "greed" is that the variety show is getting longer and longer.Up to this year,Almost half of the head variety shows appear in the form of two periods, double shifts or even three or four hours at a time.. Want a complete story line, want a reality show, want to be full of topics, want to be related to social issues, and even meet the brand owner’s exposure time requirements, so we can only extend the progress bar again and again.

More exaggeratedly, at the moment when attracting investment is difficult, the demands of brands are infinitely magnified, and all kinds of patch advertisements and high-frequency sub-broadcasts with full sense of existence have also seriously damaged the quality of content and become the last straw to overwhelm "boredom".

Reality show dilemma: boredom is more terrible

If we once laughed off Song Dandan’s relationship with her son Batu in "A Desired Life", now her attitude towards the younger generation in "Peach Blossom House" has really caused public discomfort. Ask about masterpieces, ask about emotional status, "suppress addiction", and treat them differently … The audience seems to find "awkward resonance" in many daily life scenes.

Although at present, the topic popularity of "Peach Blossom House 2" has not yet fully fermented: on data platforms such as cat’s eye and lighthouse, the program popularity value has not yet entered top3. However, if compared horizontally, compared with the camping season of "Flowers Less" which started at the same time,"Docking" has achieved a hot breakthrough.

In the public’s preference for "dock science", in fact, we can see too many shadows of the original "flower science":At least everyone is alive. Although this vivid collision may make people feel uncomfortable. After all, in recent years, the variety of entertainment has become more and more harmonious and beautiful. Even the Tucao Conference, the most offensive art, was once questioned by "whitewashing".

In today’s reality show, "people" are increasingly invisible.Not only do the stars no longer regard Weibo as a circle of friends, but they also set up a "perfect person" in the reality show. Quiet Na Ying staged a sister’s high-end dialogue bureau, full of the art of language, seemingly full of tension and sparks, but there was no loophole. On the contrary, it was the pull of the two and Kelly, which was a bit of a wave sister.

The original reality show was very good at strengthening the drama of the story and increasing the point of view by creating conflicts or connections between people, and the stars also contributed a famous scene. Only when the public began to be "serious", things went in the other direction: for example, the general manager’s label "I don’t want you to feel, I want me to feel" engraved on Huang Xiaoming, and for example, Yang Li, who was repeatedly criticized for her business endorsement because of women’s independence issues.

The boundary of public opinion is extremely difficult to predict. The other side of bold opening may be that it has not yet enjoyed the traffic dividend, but has taken the lead in entering the disputed area. Even the relatively low-risk speculation of CP also faces the risk of dismantling CP, so it has also been rejected by many stars.

One of the obvious manifestations of "boredom" is probably that there has not been a phenomenon of "creating gods by variety" for a long time.At one time, Angelababy was the darling of the variety market because of his running man’s steady position, and tranquility became the darling of the variety market because of his straightforward personality. Summer Xu’s "Princess Disease", Tamia Liu’s wife’s design and Jerry Lee’s big black cow are all indelible memory points.

Recalling this year’s variety market, Cyndi Wang’s sweetness runs through it all the time, and it seems that it is hard to think of too many famous variety scenes. With a little memory, it seems that only the white deer who just joined the running man this season is loved by the public with the characteristics of funny women.Safe seems to be the best choice in this unstable entertainment environment.

In the past two years, variety production has increasingly emphasized the concern for reality and the discussion of social issues, which is certainly an improvement, but it also provides a shortcut for variety production. Just like the nine minutes of suffocation in Peach Blossom House, of course, there are discussions on social issues, but it is also inevitable to question the topic first.

Variety "boring" is the result of comprehensive factors.The summer file is just around the corner. Can the entertainment variety that has been silent for half a year be gradually revitalized? As a summer-limited "Talk Show Conference 5" and "This is Street Dance 5", it is naturally expected to meet the expectations from the market; In addition, the list of Reuters posted on the Internet in the past two days has opened the curtain of "Breaking Through the Thorns", and iQiyi’s "China Rap Summit" has also been revealed to be expected to be booked for the summer.

Video websites have their own head projects, and the mature program mode is also a strong guarantee for the quality of the program. Whether it can break the dilemma of entertainment variety shows may be at stake. The layout of a number of new types of themes, such as Landing on the Round Fish Island, She Other Detective Agency and Major League of Impromptu Comedy, has attracted market attention, but will they get out of the "boring dilemma"? Still need attention.

Variety is about to usher in a new season, and we are also looking forward to a content market that is no longer just dependent on archaeology to get happiness, and we also hope that the variety market that has survived the "cold spring" will usher in the summer.

1905 movie network news Since its broadcast on March 25th, Quest for Guiyang has made the audience see a different Guiyang: it is a summer capital that enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, and the comfortable and slow pace of life makes people yearn for it. Guiyang is not only a model of China’s eco-city and big data smart city, but also a flavor museum with numerous special cuisines.

There are 98 rivers criss-crossing, and karst landforms make Guiyang like a city floating on water. The second episode of "Shui Yun Yuan Rong’s Dietary Wisdom" takes "water" as the starting point to show the treasures of Southwest China, explore the delicacies of water born of different forms, and lead the audience to deeply understand the ingenious mystery of Guiyang flavor from a new perspective.

Time precipitation Guiyang shuiyun

Water not only breeds life, but also is a skillful craftsman in shaping flavor. It exists in different forms in different spaces, and it is related to rivers, rainfall and various microorganisms, so it also produces different forms of food and flavor.

Local people can not only flexibly use water resources to create delicious food, but also discover more flavor secrets in the process of fighting against humidity, all of which have a subtle influence on Guiyang people’s taste preferences and lifestyle. With the help of the unique local microbial flora, fresh soybeans were fermented into local lobster sauce, which was similar to the Japanese national food natto. However, Guiyang people gave it more room for deduction, and lobster sauce continued to ferment for six months, forming a bean paste-like lobster sauce cake. The complex flavor precipitated over time, bringing more outstanding magical taste. These foods made by different processes such as fermentation are even more stunned by the audience and exclaim that the food after Nirvana’s rebirth is still amazing.

Traditional techniques contain folk wisdom.

There are many rivers in Guiyang, and the annual precipitation exceeds 1000 mm. Such a region and climate have created extremely rich aquatic resources in Guiyang. Rivers pass through mountains, and after hundreds of millions of years, mysterious sinkholes and caves have been created. Cave fishing reflects the local aquatic characteristics. The water temperature is lower than 20 degrees Celsius all the year round, and the fish grows slowly, making the meat more tender and firm. Luo Bangyun, who runs a beancurd shop, uses anti-slip sandals and fishing techniques handed down from generation to generation to collect these delicious fish and shrimp as delicious dishes. Whether it is fried or steamed, or dried fish, the locals who live near the water use their ingenuity to give birth to a new flavor.

Some flavors are fresh and palatable, while others need time to brew slowly. For Wei Xing Wu, an old chef, despite the increasingly developed preservation technology, traditional techniques are more worthy of spreading. Fresh pork is sterilized by hot oil at high temperature, quickly fried into thin crispy skin, and then immersed in lard for preservation.

Relying on oil to isolate water and air, the texture and taste similar to fresh meat can be preserved for more than one year, which is the traditional oil-bottomed meat in Guiyang. Guiyang people have a unique way to preserve food, and these traditional techniques, which have been precipitated over time, are the persistence of craftsmen from generation to generation and the great wisdom of folk food.

Fire and water quenching change surprise: strange food combination collapses everyone

Water is unpredictable and breeds countless delicious foods. In the local area, people come and go in different periods, and a variety of soy products have evolved, which is dazzling. If the quality of tofu is good, the local well water is indispensable. The unique bean curd soaked in green rock, and the bean curd made of chicken minced with soybean milk, all kinds of strange combinations have undergone repeated quenching of water and fire, changing into surprising bean food, which makes people salivate.

Guiyang, located at low latitude and high altitude, has a mild and humid climate, with lush trees all year round, but there are also delicious foods that only appear briefly in autumn — — Purple fungus. Whether cooked alone or with other ingredients, its fragrant and sweet taste has attracted many people. Some viewers lamented: "This short but wonderful existence, just like our life, we should learn to enjoy the happiness of the moment even though we keep walking."

Fire and water blend to light the southwest: Guiyang people understand the hot pot.

As the city with the highest frequency of enjoying hot pot per capita in China, hot pot accounts for half of Guiyang’s diet. In the food logic of Guiyang people, you can’t cook hot pot without ingredients, and there is no single hot pot item that can dominate here. With the broadcast of "Looking for Guiyang", netizens and viewers have also exposed the hot pot food here, laughing that "Guiyang people really understand the hot pot!"

According to statistics, there are new hot pot categories in Guiyang every year. For Guiyang people, whether it’s a pot with rich taste of bittern soup or a pot with sweet and smooth beans and rice, it’s an all-inclusive flavor and a bond to maintain the world. The unique taste of Guiyang is also passed down from generation to generation through this water bond in this ancient food custom.

The program group also said: "In addition to hot pot, there are too many delicious foods here, all with local characteristics. Like delicious and heavy beef soup, elastic and tough cowhide and smooth sour powder, it is a perfect combination. These delicious foods with the smell of Guiyang fireworks carry the memories and thoughts of Guiyang people, as well as the soul comfort of thinking about the source of food. I hope that the audience can experience those’ subtleties’ that cannot be copied in "Looking for Guiyang" and find their own good memories. "

　　Wu yanbing

　　In autumn, the climate is dry and the temperature is low, so all kinds of discomfort symptoms of respiratory tract always love to make trouble in this season. Many people have this feeling. In autumn, their throats are like they can’t be pulled open. They are hot, dry and itchy, and have a lot of phlegm. If they are not careful, they will be harassed by coughing, which will be annoying. Today, let’s talk about why the respiratory tract is fragile in autumn and who is prone to cough.

Cough is not necessarily a bad thing.

　　The respiratory tract is divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes mouth, nose, pharyngeal cavity and throat, and the lower respiratory tract consists of trachea, bronchus and lung. Respiratory tract is the internal organ that people have the most contact with the outside world every day, and it is vulnerable to various external stimuli, such as cold, heat, dryness and infection. However, the lung is a relatively "cute" organ. It does not feel hot or cold, pain or touch. Frankly speaking, it has no feeling, and the biggest response to injury is coughing.

　　When the airway is stimulated, the nerve reflex will make the human body produce a series of actions: the glottis are closed, and the breathing muscles contract rapidly to produce exhalation; Because the glottis is closed, the breath can’t go out, and the pressure in the chest cavity rises sharply, which in turn pushes the glottis open; Then, the gas is ejected at high speed, taking out the "bad" things in the trachea — — This is the protective defense mechanism of the lung.

　　Therefore, coughing is not necessarily "sick", and coughing when sick is not necessarily a bad thing. Cough can help people expel germs from the body, which is conducive to the improvement of their condition.

　　Of course, coughing is very annoying. Cough during the day; Cough at night; Talk too much and cough; Cough when inhaling cold air; Especially when coughing violently in public, not only the patient feels uncomfortable, but also others feel nervous. When some people cough violently, they will retch, affect their sleep, and even have pneumothorax. If the pleura on the lung surface ruptures, they will also have chest pain and hold their breath, which will be life-threatening in severe cases. Some patients with severe cough can lead to loss of consciousness, which is called "cough syncope" in medicine. This situation is very dangerous when driving or working at high altitude. Therefore, patients with relevant medical history should go to the hospital as soon as possible for symptomatic treatment.

　　According to the duration, there are three situations.

　　When it comes to coughing, we must first distinguish whether it is a real cough. Some people call the action similar to "clearing throat" cough, usually one or two times, because they feel uncomfortable in the throat or something sticks; Some coughs are habitual actions, which are common in smokers and are mostly caused by pharyngitis. What is really a cough is mostly manifested as a series of coughs one after another.

　　In medicine, cough is divided into acute cough, subacute cough and chronic cough according to the length of cough time.

　　1. Acute cough refers to cough within 3 weeks, mostly cough after infection, which is caused by diseases such as colds and tracheitis;

　　2. Subacute cough refers to cough from 3 weeks to 8 weeks. In addition, this situation occurs in older patients, mainly due to post-infection cough;

　　3. Chronic cough refers to cough with a course of more than 8 weeks. The main causes are cough variant asthma, postnasal drip syndrome (upper airway cough syndrome), eosinophilic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux cough and allergic cough.

　　Seasonal cough is mostly caused by these conditions.

　　Cough can appear all the year round, but it happens frequently when the season changes. Because the alternation of cold and hot is obvious when changing seasons, especially in autumn, many people do not pay attention to adding clothes and keeping warm in time, and their immunity is reduced, which will create opportunities for all kinds of bacteria and viruses to invade the human body, and then respiratory tract bacterial or viral infection will occur, and the incidence of cough after infection is higher, and respiratory tract infection is easy to induce cough variant asthma. This is also the main reason why everyone feels that it is easy to cough in autumn.

　　Why do you cough after respiratory tract infection? In fact, post-infection cough is a respiratory symptom caused by airway inflammation repair. After the infection improves, it will be cured by simply using antitussive drugs, and the course of disease is relatively short.

　　The essence of cough variant asthma is the increase of airway sensitivity caused by chronic airway inflammation, which is non-infectious and can be induced by respiratory infection without taking anti-inflammatory drugs. It may or may not be allergic. Although it is called "asthma", the patient has no breathing and his lung function is normal. However, some patients can turn into typical asthma. Therefore, correct treatment can reduce the incidence of typical asthma.

　　The dry and cold climate is very unfriendly to the airway, and the cold itself is a kind of stimulation, while the low temperature reduces the water content in the air, which makes the airway more sensitive when it is short of water, thus leading to cough and wheezing. Nasal cavity can warm and humidify inhaled air, but too dry, breathing with open mouth and strenuous exercise may reduce airway humidity and increase airway sensitivity.

　　In addition, there are allergic factors. In addition to spring, pollen allergy in autumn is also very serious, and both spring and autumn are the seasons prone to allergic cough, allergic rhinitis and asthma.

　　It should be reminded that cough variant asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, eosinophilic bronchitis and allergic cough are all related to allergies to some extent. If there are symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes and nose, and watery eyes while coughing, it will be very effective to receive antiallergic treatment if you go to the hospital to find out that eosinophils are high and total IgE (immunoglobulin E) is high.

　　Why do diagnostic tests often choose CT?

　　Theoretically, lung CT is not a necessary examination to see cough. In most cases, the lung CT findings of patients with simple cough are normal. Most chronic coughs, such as cough variant asthma, eosinophilic tracheitis, allergic cough, etc., have no obvious lesions in the lungs. Then why do doctors often recommend lung CT examination when they go to the hospital to see a cough?

　　Because doctors must first rule out some serious diseases, such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis and so on. The treatment of these diseases is mainly to treat the primary disease, not to treat cough alone. Doctors should first see if there is any disease in the lungs, and the best way to "see" the lungs is lung CT and X-ray chest film.

　　Which is clearer, lung CT or X-ray chest film? Lung CT is relatively clear, X-ray chest film will produce many artifacts, and heart blood vessels and bones may also block the focus, so bronchiectasis and lung cancer are mostly diagnosed by lung CT, while infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia can be diagnosed according to X-ray chest film.

　　The attending doctor usually asks the patient’s medical history in detail, initially judges the nature of cough and considers what examination to do. For the elderly, patients with chronic cough and hemoptysis, lung CT examination is the first choice. Because the X-ray absorbed dose of lung CT examination is higher than that of chest X-ray film, it is suggested that patients should take the recent imaging results with them when they go to different hospitals one after another to avoid repeated examination.

　　Do I have to take medicine for coughing?

　　Many old people give medicine to their children when they cough, saying, "I want to suppress the disease"; Some patients are afraid of tracheitis, and then turn into chronic cough, and take medicine as soon as cough appears. But as long as it is medicine, there are side effects, especially for children. Therefore, if you don’t have a severe cough, don’t take cough medicine in a hurry, but see a doctor in time to take medicine for the cause.

　　For patients with cough, the doctor’s primary concern is whether there is respiratory infection. If there is a severe cough, the stimulation of the airway may aggravate the inflammatory reaction and delay the improvement of the condition. This situation requires symptomatic medication. Let’s talk about what drugs may be used for cough.

　　● antitussive drugs

　　Antitussive drugs work quickly, but they don’t target the cause. Commonly used antitussive drugs mainly include compound methoxyphenamine, licorice tablets, dextromethorphan, compound codeine syrup, traditional Chinese medicine pulmonary cough, loquat syrup, etc., which can achieve antitussive purpose by inhibiting central and peripheral cough reflex, antiallergic, bronchiectasis and other mechanisms. Among them, compound methoxyphenamine is mostly used to treat acute and chronic cough, and compound dextromethorphan solution is often used to treat cough after a cold.

　　Most western medicine antitussive drugs are compound preparations, which may include antitussive, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine, etc., with relatively more side effects, but little impact, so you can take them with confidence. Taking chlorpheniramine will cause drowsiness, which is not suitable for professionals who need to concentrate on their work, such as drivers. You can change other antitussive drugs according to your doctor’s advice.

　　It should be noted that most western medicine compound antitussive drugs have the same ingredients or substitute ingredients, so do not take them at the same time.

　　● Antiallergic drugs

　　Commonly used antiallergic drugs include loratadine and cetirizine, which are suitable for cough caused by allergic factors, especially for patients with allergic rhinitis.

　　Among them, montelukast is a relatively safe drug for treating asthma and allergic rhinitis, and can be used simultaneously with other antiallergic drugs.

　　In addition, among inhaled hormones and bronchodilators, salmeterol and fluticasone, budesonide and formoterol are commonly used to treat cough variant asthma, eosinophilic tracheitis, allergic cough, etc., which can reduce the probability of patients developing typical asthma while relieving cough.

　　Many patients are worried about the side effects when they hear hormones. In fact, these drugs have been on the market for a long time, and the incidence of serious side effects observed is very low, which is relatively safe. It is important to gargle in time after inhalation to remove the excess drugs in the mouth.

　　Low acid inhibitor

　　Include omeprazole and lansoprazole, which can inhibit gastric acid secretion, and is mainly used for gastroesophageal reflux cough.

　　● Antibiotics

　　Including cephalosporins, azithromycin, etc., mainly used for cough caused by infection.

　　Low expectorant drugs

　　Including eucalyptus, acetylcysteine capsules, ambroxol hydrochloride, fresh bamboo juice, etc., which can dilute sputum, and sputum is not easy to cough up and is suitable for postnasal drip syndrome. However, routine use is not recommended for dry cough.

　　Health tips

　　How to distinguish "COVID-19" cough from common cough?

　　Now China is making every effort to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic. When it comes to "cough", it will inevitably make people nervous. So, what’s the difference between a cough caused by Covid-19 and a cough caused by a common respiratory infection?

　　In view of the complexity of symptoms caused by Covid-19, it is impossible for patients to screen for infection by themselves. Clinically, in addition to fever, Covid-19 infection can sometimes be characterized by simple cough (mostly without sputum), which can also be the only first symptom of COVID-19 patients.

　　Therefore, if you have a cough, you should pay attention to the symptoms of cough and go to a regular hospital in time if you have a history of epidemiological contact. At this time, don’t buy or take medicine by yourself, so as not to delay the diagnosis of the disease and cause the spread of the virus.

　　(Author: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases)